About zoonoses; zoonoses, I think that our other ”multi-celled“ partners that we do not adopt the principle of mutuality on our planet that we do not know about sharing ilk are reminders of their existence m.
Whenever a zoonotic signal emerges, the following occurs in the e plane of knowing “of my consciousness; Eler Actually I didn't mean to hurt you, but it's good you remember me d flies buzzing, cows guilty of guilty, let's see, ticks of skin looking good.
Anthrax is a ”zoonose çağ known since ancient times, at least as old as agriculture.
From infected animals to humans, by chance.
Agent :; Bacillus anthracisis a gram positive, encapsulated and spore bacterium.
Because it is anthrax (French carbon: coal, Greek also anthrax: coal), the middle is dark and charcoal black, so the disease is named as ort shepherd's boil demek or ra black bubble da.
It is basically a disease of grass-eating animals and is known as lak pasture ve or alı pasture hayvan disease. Cattle, sheep, goats and horses are the most common and there are sensitivity differences between animals. For example, cats and dogs are relatively resistant. Birds and turkey are resistant. But ducks, geese and ostrich may be sick. For example, if we exemplify over the doses of sickness, 100 units are needed for sheep to get sick,10 unit is required.
It is a bacteria that makes sports. All the sporting creatures (of course, the analogy here is meant to be different, but the sport is different here) comes from such durability. Their sports are resistant to heat, outdoor conditions and most disinfectants. When conditions are not suitable and in contact with oxygen, they are sported. Thus, it can exist for several decades to sixty years.
Sports, 15 minutes pressure steam or 10 minutes to boil or 150 she isC dies in 1 hour at dry temperature.
People, incidentally, become ill as a result of a direct or indirect encounter with sick animal or animal products.
There are three main ways in humans:
- Gastrointestinal : by taking the defeat of the agent. Animals take sports by eating grass / meadow. People can get sick by eating raw or raw meat. Incubation time for this contact: 3-7 days. The disease, which develops more rarely, is severe and can be fatal. Abdominal acid, sepsis, vomiting, bleeding, severe abdominal pain may be.
- Skin: the most common way of transmission. 95% of all cases were in this form. It takes place with the introduction of sports from cuts and cracks in the skin. Necrosis and edema develop in the tissue. It develops a painless and non-inflamed lesion with an epithelium of black origin. Recovery starts within 10 days, 2-6 weeks. The time between contact and disease is between 2-7 days; Long incubation times of up to 19 days were reported as short as 1 day.
- Inhalation: inhalation. In order to be contaminated by this route, spores must be in the form of particles less than 5 microns. Also known as wool spine disease. In this case, edema and bleeding occur in the lungs, and are severe and often fatal.
- Into veins; infected heroin injectors. This path is not the main transmission route.
Although human phenomena are decreasing today, the cause of anthrax is still an important disease, because of its long-term survival in the external environment, its potential to be used as a eli biological weapon “and its focal points in the soil contaminated with dead carcasses of anthrax, which can lead to recurrent epidemics when conditions permit.
Animal cases were taken under control with a highly effective vaccine found in the 1930s; Middle East; Iran, Lebanon, including Turkey, Central Asia; Kyrgyzstan, including Turkmenistan, endemic (persistent), West Africa and South America are hyperendemic (occasional epidemics) and never disappeared.
Human phenomena are on the agenda of reasons such as the use of biological weapons in America, the transmission of heroin needles in the UK, and the animal trade and transboundary borders, as in our country today.
Anthrax is divided into two as “industrial“ and, agricultural “according to the conditions of development. In countries with low inoculation levels for pasture animals, “agricultural“ phenomena developed in those who are directly in contact with the patient or dead animal, such as farmer, agricultural worker, while in countries where animal anthrax is controlled, products such as animal wool, skin and bones are processed in the industry. , ”Industrial bildiril cases which are developed by indirect contact are reported.
In fact, it is an occupational disease affecting butchers, shepherds, farmers, veterinarians. Industrial phenomena can be seen in leather-making, shoe-making, carpet weavers, wool spinners and fur-bearers.
Gastrointestinal anthrax is most commonly associated with the consumption of, raw meat ler in the form of traditional food and is not contaminated by well cooked meat, pasteurized milk and dairy products.
Although there may be a potential human-to-human transmission, no such transmission has been shown.
No milk transmission was reported. Because at the most advanced stage of the disease, even if there is a possibility of transition to milk, the animal cannot give milk at that stage.
Turkey, a total of 26 954 human cases have been reported between the years 1960-2005. It is common in Eastern and Central Anatolia. Most ; 95% skin anthrax was observed. Total death was less than 1%.
The understanding of the transition conditions between the ve vegetative ın forms of the anthrax, the disease-causing and the tissue, and the geçiş sports ları forms in the external environment and the transmission of the outside environment is very important for understanding the transmission routes and sources.
There are numerous vegetative forms of bacteria in anthrax and dead carcasses. No bacteria in the milk of the animal. This form is resistant to heating and external conditions.
However, in case of contact with bacteria, oxygen and external environment, it will gain strength in 1-2 days. After this stage, he will remain in the soil for many years. If the dead animal's products such as skin, wool, hair, and hair are not wasted, the spores in these products may be the source of the disease by skin or inhalation. When it reaches the favorable environment such as tissue, it will turn into ürün vegetative, forms.
The disease is easy to recognize and identify. In a correctly taken example, bacillus can be seen and produced by simple dyeing and sowing. In addition, more advanced techniques such as molecular methods may be used, although often not required.
Fast and effective treatment is very important. Penicillin is actually the most effective antibiotic known, but in recent years penicillin resistance has been reported. Cephalosporins have high levels of resistance.
Penicillin is still the drug to be selected; doxycycline and ciprofloxacin are the other best options and are mostly preferred
Anthrax is a disease that has been successfully controlled by the presence of an effective and successful animal vaccine since antiquity, but never abandons us and continues to be updated.
RESOURCES
- Anthrax in humans and animals - 4th ed. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. I.World Health Organization. II.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. III.World Organization for Animal Health. ISBN 978 92 4 154753 6 (NLM classification: WC 30)
- Doganay M, Demiraslan H. Human anthrax as a re-emerging disease. Recent facts on infectious drug discovery, 2015, 10: 10-29
- Wilson HK, Microbiology, pathogenesis and epidemiology of anthrax. UpToDate
- Christie AB. Anthrax. Churchill Livingstone.Fourth edition.1987
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