Sexually Transmitted Infections

1- What is sexual contact?

Genital, genital-oral, oral-anal, genital-anal forms of behavior are either heterosexual or homosexual.

2- What are the general characteristics of STDs?

• They are common in both sexes when they are most sexually active.
• They are usually quiet.
• It is more common in people who are particularly careless.
• In addition to acute disease, infertility, puerperium, cervical cancer, and other diseases such as fetus and newborn infections are prepared and increase the transmission of HIV infection.

3. In what circumstances does STD increase?

• Polygamy
• Having more than one partner
• Brothels women and customers
• Recently change sexual partner
• To maintain a relationship with the symptom of STD
• Not known that spouses should also be treated
• Less education and condom use

4- What are STDs?

Over 20 bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungal diseases are sexually transmitted. Some factors in sexual organs and urinary tract urethritis (eg: gonorrhea), vaginitis While the other part of the genital area with lesions (syphilis (syphilis), herpes simplex, genital warts, lice, scabies, etc.). These factors are not limited to sexual areas, but in some cases may cause systemic diseases. Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV (AIDS) Various microorganisms such as the body to enter this way can create disease.

5- How to protect from STDs?

• Short-term, random relationships should not be entered
• Do not engage in sexual intercourse with others
• Condom should be used
• Safe sex education should be given to adolescents
• Health checks should be done from time to time for early diagnosis
• Spouses should be treated even if the disease does not develop symptoms

6- Where to apply?

His specialization area deals with STDs. In the presence of skin lesions developing in the genital area, dermatologists can be asked for help. Gynecology and urology specialists have also received training for these diseases and are available for help.

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED EFFECTS AND DISEASES

urethritis

* Purulent urethral discharge, disuria, vulvar irritation, frequent urine, pyuria

-Gonococcal urethritis (GU) à acute, more abundant and purulent discharge

-Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) à subacute, less and clear discharge

* NGI;

those with higher socioeconomic status -s

- more than one factor (C. trachomatis, U.urealyticum, T.vaginalis, HSV)

* Diagnosis of urethritis;

-Story

-Physical examination (genital organs)

- Uretral discharge (2 hours after urination or swab)

-Gram staining and gram negative diplococci in grams => N.gonorrhoeae

-Gonore for chocolate gar, Thayer-Martin cultivation ul

Antigens for chlamydia, tissue culture is done için

Treatment;

GUà ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin

NGUà doxycycline, erythromycin, azithromycin

SERVİSİT, SALPENJİT

* Cervical discharge in the mouth, lower quadrant pain, adnexial-cervical tenderness

* Mukopurulan servisità N.gonorrhoeae, C.trachomatis

* Another cervicidal agent in HSV

vaginitis

Vaginal discharge, vulvar, perineal irritation (itching, pain aj)

-Etens: C.albicans, T.vaginalis, bacterial vaginosis (BV)

Treatment;

* Candidaà azole compounds (imidazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, fluconazole ida)

* Trikomonas and G.vaginalisà metronidazole

* Spouses also need treatment

GENITAL LESIONS

* HSV: in groups, painful superficial vesicles, bilateral lymphadenopathy (Tzanck smear in diagnosis)

* Syphilis: Single, clean, base, hard, painless ulcer (shankr)

* Chancroid: Painful, base necrotic but not hard

* Granuloma inguinale: Painless, slowly progressive destructive ulcer

* Lymphogranuloma venerum: Painless papula ulcer

SYPHILIS

* Effect of Treponema pallidum

* Sexual, transfusion, transplasental infectious.

* Incubation period ~ 3 weeks

1- Primary period;

-Chancre

- LAP painless, non-bilateral rubber

2- Secondary period;

- common rash (including palms and soles)

-Condyloma lata (hypertrophic papules in moist areas)

-Hematogenous spread…

3- Tertiary (late) period;

-Gom (granulomatous formations in skin, bone and internal organs)

-CVS involvement (aortitis, aortic aneurysm)

- Neurological findings (tabes dorsalis, meningitis)

*Diagnosis;

-Direct examination (dark field, silvering)

-Serolojikà Non-specific (VDRL; RPR)

Specific (TPI; TPHA; FTA)

Treatment: Penicillin. Allergy, erythromycin, tetracycline, ceftriaxone

SHANKROID (SOFT SHANKR, ULCUS MOLLE)

* Effect of Haemophilus ducreyi

* Incubation period 4-7 days

* Painful, soft ulcer + unilateral suppurative LAP

Diagnosis;

Gram-negative bacilli such as fish swarm

-Culture (chocolate agar)

Treatment; ceftriaxone, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin

GRANULOMA INGUINALE (DONOVANOSIS)

* Effect of Calymmatobacterium granulomatis

*Diagnosis; incision / biopsy specimen made from painless ulcers ıntı

* Treatment; tetracycline, trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole

LENFOGRANULOMA VENERUM (LGV)

* Effect of Chlamydia trachomatis

* Painless papule ulcer + regional LAPà genitoanorectal elephantiasis

*Treatment; tetracycline

Sexually transmitted pharyngitis:                       N.gonorrhoeae

C. trachomatis

HSV

I T.palli

Sexually transmitted hepatitis: HBV

HCV

HAV (homosexual male)

Sexually transmitted bowel infections: Salmonella

Campylobacter jejuni

Shigella

Cryptosporidium